Cutter-bit fastening for mining-machines



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, O. 0. PALMER. CUTTER BIT FASTENING FOR MINING MACHINES. No. 594,896.Patented Dec. 7," 1897-.

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C. 0. PALMER.

CUTTER BIT FASTENING/FOR MINING MACHINES.

No. 594,896. Patent-ed Dec. 7, 1897.

Inversion 0f 0 Palmer,

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UNITED STATES PATENT EEicE.

CHARLES O. PALMER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

CUTTER-BIT FASTENING FOR MINING-MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 594,896, dated December'7, 1897. Application filed September 14, 1891. Serial No. 405,5 77. (Nomodel.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES O. PALMER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful chines described in my Patent No.472,177,

datedApril 5, 1892.

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a plan,partially in section, of half of a cutter-wheel equipped with my presentimprovements. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the cutter-wheel of Fig. 1.Fig. 3 is a section of the wheel-rim in line a a of Fig. 1. Fig. 4: is asection of the wheel-rim in line b b of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a diagrammaticview illustrating the relative positions in the wheelrim of asingle setof cutter-bits. Fig. 6 isadetailed top view of a cutter-wedge. Fig. 7 isa side view of the wedge of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is an end view of the wedgeof Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is a detailed side view of an outside cutter-wedge.Fig. 10 is a side view of the wedge of Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is an end view ofthe wedge of Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a side view of the cutter-bit. Fig. 13is a top view of the cutter-bit of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is an end View of the cutter-bit of Fig.

12. Fig. 15 is a plan, partially in section, of an alternative form ofcutter-fastening. Fig. 16 is a side view of the cutter-wheel of Fig. 15.Fig. 17 is a section of the wheel-rim in line 0 c of Fig. 15. Fig. 18 isa horizontal section of part of the cutter-wheel of Fig. 15, showing thecutter and wedge in position. Fig. 19 is a detailed top view of acutterwedge of Fig. 15. Fig. 20 is an end view of Fig. 19.

Similar characters designate similar parts in all the figures.

The wheel for carrying the several removable cutter-bits consists of arim R, which may be carried by a series of arms 2, reaching out from thecutter-wheel hub 4. The cutter-rim R is provided on its periphery withthe cogs or gear-teeth T, whereby the wheel is actuated from the pinionP, Whose teeth 3 mesh with the said cutter-wheel teeth. A suitablenumber of removably-fixed cutter-bits are carried by the cutter-wheel,these cutter-bits being set at varying heights on the periphery of thewheel and ad j ustably secured in place by clamping devices. Thecutter-bits are carried in mortises formed in planes substantiallyradial of the cutter-wheel axis and project outwardly through theaforesaid cogs T, as will be understood from Figs. 1 to 4.

The cutter-driving pinion P has the spaces 5 between the teeth 3 thereofcut away or deepened, as illustrated in Fig. 1, to provide for thepassage of the projecting cutter-bits.

As shown in the drawings, the cutter-bits are arranged in setsin thepresent instance of four eachthe respective cutter-bits of each setbeing designated in a general way by O, 0 O and 0 respectively.

One arrangement of the cutter-bits relatively to the plane of revolutionof the cutter-wheel is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. The outsidecutter-bits O and O are set at opposite inclinations, as illustrated inFigs. 3 and 5, the points of the cutter-bits extending beyond the sidesof the rim, so as to cover a greater width than the thickness of therim, and thus cut a kerf or channel in which the rim may play freely. Asa matter of convenience the intermediate cutter-bits C and C may be setat inclinations corresponding, respectively, to the cutter-bits O and O,as illustrated in Fig. 5.

The cutter-bit fastening consists of the chisel 6, having asuitably-shaped cutting edge 7, and the following-described means forlooking or keying the cutter in place; the cutter projecting a suitabledistance beyond the cutter-wheel. The wedge for clamping theintermediate cutter-bits O and O is shown in detail in Figs. 6, 7, andS. It consists of the wedge 12, having the bolt 14, suitably threaded atits projecting end 15. The arran gement of the cutter-bit and itsretainingwedge in the wheel-rim is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 and inthe sectional portion of Fig. 1. The two parts being slipped into one ofthe mortises 16 of the wheel-rim, with the cutter-bit projecting asuitable distance, the washer 17 is put over the bolt on the inside ofthe rim and the nut 18 screwed onto the bolt to draw the wedge firmly toplace, thereby rigidly clamping the cutter-bit in its working position.hen the cutter-bit is thus clamped in its working position, the pressureupon the cutting end thereof when cutting acts through the frictionalcontact between the cutter-bit and wedge to drive the wedge, togetherwith the cutter-bit, farther into the mortise, thereby more tightlyclamping the cutter-bit and resisting any further inward movement, sothat the operating pressure which tends to push the cutter-bit inwardalso helps to retain the cutter-bit in position, and for this reasonthis fastening is called self-tightening. For removing the cutterbit theoperator has only to slacken the nut, when the wedge may he slidoutward, thus releasing the cutter-bit.

The outside cutter-wedge 20 (shown in detail in Figs. 9, 10, and 11) issimilar to the wedge shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8, with the exception thatthe inclined side thereof 21 is beveled in two directions, being taperedlongitudinally, the same as the aforesaid wedge 12, and also beveledsidewise, as shown in Figs. 2 and 11. The mortise for the outsidecutter-bit is correspondingly beveled, being undercut to receive thebeveled wedge 20. As shown at C, Fig. 1, the cutter-bit and its wedgeextend through the side of the wheel rim or cog T and are consequentlyunsupported on the outer side thereof at the point of said cog. Thewedge being beveled or dovetailed, as set forth, is thereby preventedfrom being forced outward by the resistance of the mineral beingoperated upon and tends to the extent of its adhesion to the cutter-bitto likewise hold this in place. The opposite outside cutter-bit C issimilarly held in place by a corresponding wedge 20,which is beveled inthe opposite direction, the outside wedges 20 and 20 being alike,excepting that they are formed right-handed and left-handed,respectively.

Figs. 15 to 20, inclusive, illustrate an alternative construction fromthat shown in the preceding figures for tightening the cutterwedges. Ashere shown, the cutter-wedge 12 extends through the wheel-rim and has atransverse mortise 26 passing therethrough. The inner end of the wedgeis longitudinally tapped to receive the set-screw 28, whose point bearsagainst the key 27, situated in the said mortise 26, and forces itagainstthe inside of the wheel-rim, as shown in Figs. 17 and 18. Bytightening the set-screw 28 against the key 27 the wedge is drawninward, clamping the cutter-bit (3 firmly in place.

For the purpose of increasing the rigidity with which the cutter-bit maybe clamped in its working position the cutter-engaging faces of the saidwedges 12, 12, and 20 may be filecut or roughened, as indicated by thecrosshatching at 29, Figs. 7 and 10.

For use in the class of mining-machines hereinbefore specified it isdeemed necessary to have within the cutter-wheel rim and between theplanes of the sides thereof a space for the arm which carries thecutter-wheel. Accordingly my improved cutter wheel is shown providedwith the arms 2 each of lesser depth than the thickness of the rim R, aswill be understood from Figs. 3 and a. Also it is importantin order tosecure eiiiciency with economy of power to use relatively narrowfacedcutter-bits. These requirements are met in my improvements by arrangingthe cutter-bits in series, as before described, each cutter-bit beingrelatively narrow, so as to remove the mineral with the leastresistance.

As the cutter-bit becomes shortened by repeated sharpening it isinserted less and less deeply into the mortise, the cutting edge projecting the same distance beyond the cogs.

I have not in this application broadly claimed the cutter-fasteningherein shown and described, as it forms part of my copendingapplication, Serial No. 593,359, filed May 27, 1896, for a cutter-chainfor mining-machines.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. A spur-cog cutter-wheelthe cogs of which have radially disposed inwardly tapering mortisesformed therethrough, cutter bits seated in said mortises,inwardlytapered cutter-wedges fitting inwardly from the peripheralopenings of said mortises and adapted to be tightened in their seats bythe inward pressure upon the cutter-bits in cutting, and havingscrew-threaded shanks engaging said wedges from the inner side of therim for drawing the wedges radiallyinward into close engagement with thecutter-bit.

2. A spur-cog cutter-wheel the teeth of which have radially-disposedi11wardly-tapering mortises formed therethrough, cutter-bits seated insaid mortises, inwardly-tapered cutter-Wedges fittin g inwardly from theperipheral openings of said mortises and adapted to be tightened intheir seats by the inward pres sure upon the cutter-bit in cutting, saidoutter bits or wedges being file-cut or roughened, and screw threadedshanks engaging said wedges from the inner side of the rim for drawingthe wedges radiallyinward into close engagement with the cutter-bit.

3. A spur-cog cutter-wheel the teeth of which have radially-disposedinwardly-tapering undercut mortises formed therethrough, on oppositesides thereof, of cutter-bits seated in said mortises, inwardly-tapereddovetailed cutter-wedges fitting inwardly from the peripheral openingsof said mortises, and adapted to be tightened in their seats by theinward pressure upon the cutter-bits in cutting, and havingscrew-threaded parts engaging said wedges from the inner side of the rimfor drawing the wedges radially inward into close engagement with thecutter-bit.

4. A spur-cog cutter-wheel the teeth of which have radially-disposedinwardly-tapering undercut mortises formed therethrough on oppositesides thereof, of cutter-bits seated Wedges from the inner side of therim for in said mortises, inwardly-tapered dovetailed drawing the Wedgesradially inward into close cutter-wedges fitting inwardly from thepeengagement with the cutter-bit.

ripheral openings of said mortises, and adapt- CHARLES O. PALMER. ed tobe tightened in their seats by the inward Witnesses pressure upon thecritter-bits in cutting, and FRANCIS H. RICHARDS,

having screw-threaded shanks engaging said HENRY L. REOKARD.

